Trench art encompasses the unique pieces crafted by soldiers using materials found on the battlefield, such as bullet casing lighters or shrapnel sculptures. American poet Alan Seeger’s poem “Maktoob” highlights this art form, recounting how he turned a shell fragment responsible for his friend’s death into a ring, which a Muslim soldier then engraved with “maktoob,” meaning “it is written.” The distinctiveness of trench art lies not only in the materials used but also in its reflection of the diverse cultures of soldiers from around the world, brought together in the trenches for extended durations.